Visions of America A History of the United States Combined Volume 2nd Edition By Jennifer D. Keene – Test Bank

Visions of America A History of the United States Combined Volume 2nd Edition By Jennifer D. Keene – Test Bank

CHAPTER TEN
REVIVALISM, REFORM AND ARTISTIC RENAISSANCE, 1820–1850

Multiple Choice

1. What was the Second Great Awakening?
A) a slogan of the temperance movement
B) a movement for political reform
C) the period of recovery from an economic panic
D) a religious revival
E) a literary movement
Answer: D
Page Ref: 284
Skill: Factual
Topic: Revivalism and Reform

2. A supporter of temperance believed
A) that church attendance should be mandatory.
B) in the separation of church and state.
C) that immigration should not be permitted.
D) in abstinence from alcohol.
E) that slavery should be abolished.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 285
Skill: Factual
Topic: Revivalism and Reform

3. Horace Mann’s most notable contributions were in the field of
A) religion.
B) education.
C) women’s rights.
D) prison reform.
E) temperance.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 286
Skill: Factual
Topic: Revivalism and Reform

4. How had Christians traditionally regarded the consumption of alcohol?
A) as a problem when it led to drunkenness
B) as irrelevant to the question of salvation
C) as a grave sin
D) as one of the pleasures of earthly life
E) as akin to a liaison with the devil
Answer: A
Page Ref: 286
Skill: Factual
Topic: Revivalism and Reform

5. Through his newspaper The Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison became a leading spokesperson for
A) temperance.
B) immediatism.
C) the Second Great Awakening.
D) prison reform.
E) Transcendentalism.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 290
Skill: Factual
Topic: Abolitionism and the Proslavery Response

6. Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl told about
A) her long struggle to learn to write well enough to tell her story.
B) the sexual predations of white Southerners on black women.
C) events in the life of a fictional slave contented within the “benevolent” institution.
D) the most sensational incidents in her life, with the intention of attracting attention to herself.
E) her journalistic investigations into the lives of female slaves.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 306–307
Skill: Factual
Topic: Abolitionism and the Proslavery Response

7. The “gag rule” was a procedural motion that
A) offered rewards to bring abolitionists South to stand trial .
B) required the House of Representatives to automatically table all antislavery petitions.
C) made it illegal to teach slaves to read.
D) attempted to deny First Amendment rights to those distributing abolitionist literature.
E) promoted the burning of antislavery tracts.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 293
Skill: Factual
Topic: Abolitionism and the Proslavery Response

8. Thomas Jefferson’s comparison of slavery to holding “the wolf by the ears” reflected his
A) disgust with Southern slaveholders.
B) fear of slaves.
C) belief in the righteousness of enslaving African Americans.
D) desire that the institution be abolished immediately.
E) ambivalence toward the institution.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 293
Skill: Factual
Topic: Abolitionism and the Proslavery Response

9. The “cult of true womanhood” identified women with
A) the burgeoning movement to obtain their rights.
B) the full range of their occupations, from laborer to mother.
C) piety, motherhood, and sexual passivity.
D) their new role as consumers in the competitive marketplace.
E) their weakness and tendency toward moral depravity.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 295
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Cult of True Womanhood, Reform, and Women’s Rights

10. Such reformers as Mary Gove and Paulina Wright were interested in
A) fighting for women’s property rights.
B) encouraging sexual passivity and chastity among women.
C) liberating “fallen women” from their work in brothels.
D) educating women on their reproductive rights and health.
E) shocking American women in order to shake them from their complacency.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 296
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Cult of True Womanhood, Reform, and Women’s Rights

11. The Female Moral Reform Society attempted to vanquish
A) bars.
B) prisons.
C) theaters.
D) brothels.
E) women’s colleges.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 296
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Cult of True Womanhood, Reform, and Women’s Rights

12. In his lectures, Sylvester Graham warned his audience to avoid the dangers of
A) sexual overstimulation.
B) bland foods to the digestive tract.
C) vigorous exercise.
D) cold baths.
E) chastity and a lack of passion.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 296
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Cult of True Womanhood, Reform, and Women’s Rights

13. The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 marked the beginning of
A) the involvement of women in the abolition movement.
B) the movement for women’s rights.
C) the temperance movement.
D) the movement to criminalize prostitution.
E) an interest in women’s reproductive rights and health.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 296–297
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Cult of True Womanhood, Reform, and Women’s Rights

14. Who founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints?
A) John Humphrey Noyes
B) Charles Fourier
C) Charles Grandison Finney
D) Joseph Smith
E) William Mormon
Answer: D
Page Ref: 301
Skill: Factual
Topic: Religious and Secular Utopianism

15. What is millennialism?
A) the belief that God has condemned humanity
B) the belief in one’s own salvation
C) the belief that Judgment Day is imminent
D) the belief that Americans have a special relationship with God
E) the belief that Christians should remove themselves from regular society
Answer: C
Page Ref: 298
Skill: Factual
Topic: Religious and Secular Utopianism

16. The author of Walden was
A) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B) Henry David Thoreau.
C) Nathaniel Hawthorne.
D) Edgar Allan Poe.
E) Herman Melville.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 304
Skill: Factual
Topic: Literature and Popular Culture

17. Phrenology studied the connection between a person’s character and
A) his or her blood and other bodily fluids.
B) his or her body type.
C) the lines on his or her hands.
D) the shape of his or her skull.
E) his or her purported past lives.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 307
Skill: Factual
Topic: Literature and Popular Culture

18. To what did Transcendentalists look for inspiration and insight?
A) American society
B) the literary classics
C) nature
D) the popular press
E) orthodox theology
Answer: C
Page Ref: 304
Skill: Factual
Topic: Literature and Popular Culture

19. What aspect of America did Thomas Cole seek to emphasize in his art?
A) its industry
B) its cities
C) its wilderness
D) its original inhabitants
E) its families
Answer: C
Page Ref: 308
Skill: Factual
Topic: Nature’s Nation

20. All of the following were supporters of women’s rights EXCEPT
A) Thomas Herttell.
B) Lucretia Mott.
C) Frederick Douglass.
D) Sylvester Graham.
E) William Lloyd Garrison.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 297, 299
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Cult of True Womanhood, Reform, and Women’s Rights

21. In 1848, women in New York won the right to
A) vote.
B) retain control of inherited wealth.
C) convene in assemblies.
D) free education.
E) legalized birth control.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 297
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Cult of True Womanhood, Reform, and Women’s Rights

22. Reformers such as minister Lyman Beecher cast the problem of intemperance in
A) spiritual terms.
B) economic terms.
C) ethical terms.
D) political terms.
E) holistic terms.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 286
Skill: Factual
Topic: Revivalism and Reform

23. Why might a woman like Mary Cragin have embraced her life in John Humphrey Noyes’s community at Oneida, New York?
A) The community offered greater freedom to women.
B) Women’s ability to worship was restricted elsewhere.
C) Noyes’s theology emphasized both male and female aspects of the divine.
D) The women of the community controlled their own reproductive lives.
E) The leadership under Noyes was primarily comprised of women.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 301
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Religious and Secular Utopianism

24. In what way did the Shakers reconfigure the traditional family?
A) New converts were regarded as the “children” of older community members.
B) Women were the heads of Shaker households.
C) There was neither marriage nor sex between men and women.
D) Marriage between men and women of different races was allowed.
E) Each community member was as husband or wife to every other community member.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 299
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Religious and Secular Utopianism

25. What was the Common School movement?
A) the movement to create educational opportunities for women
B) the movement to found new colleges and universities
C) the movement for universal public education
D) the movement to teach slaves to read
E) the movement for coeducation
Answer: C
Page Ref: 287–288
Skill: Factual
Topic: Revivalism and Reform

26. How did the approach to imprisoning criminals at a penitentiary differ from earlier approaches?
A) The focus was on distrust and surveillance.
B) The focus was on punishment.
C) The focus was on the depravity of the prisoners.
D) The focus was on repentance and reform.
E) The focus was on education and exercise.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 288
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Revivalism and Reform

27. The American Colonization Society was formed with what purpose?
A) to educate slaves on African history
B) to make a place for free blacks in American society
C) to work within the courts to change the laws supporting the institution of slavery
D) to teach slaves to read
E) to gradually liberate slaves and transport them to Africa
Answer: E
Page Ref: 290
Skill: Factual
Topic: Abolitionism and the Proslavery Response

28. Which of the following would most certainly be a proponent of immediatism?
A) a member of the American Colonization Society
B) an advocate of temperance
C) a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society
D) a member of the Working Men’s party
E) a speaker at religious revival meeting
Answer: C
Page Ref: 291
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Abolitionism and the Proslavery Response

29. Edgar Allan Poe differed from Nathaniel Hawthorne in that he
A) wrote tales that were exciting but had little psychological depth.
B) cared little about making art.
C) became wealthy from his writing.
D) used his stories to critique the effects of the market revolution.
E) embraced the topics of popular fiction in his literary art.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 304, 306
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Abolitionism and the Proslavery Response

30. How did Henry “Box” Brown support the abolitionist cause?
A) His articulate writings raised awareness of the dangers of slavery.
B) His eloquent speeches stirred the passions of Northerners.
C) His dramatic escape provided a compelling narrative for the movement to publicize.
D) He ran for political office as a Southern abolitionist.
E) He admitted that slavery was a sin and freed all of his slaves.
Answer:C
Page Ref: 291
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Abolitionism and the Proslavery Response

31. Which of the following best describes the view of such Southerners as Thomas R. Dew toward slavery?
A) Slavery will be ended only through colonization.
B) Slavery is an abomination to be eliminated immediately.
C) Slavery is a necessary evil.
D) Slavery is likely to be abolished by future generations.
E) Slavery is a positive good to society.
Answer:E
Page Ref: 294
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Abolitionism and the Proslavery Response

32. What event led Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to focus their attention on the oppression of women?
A) the introduction by Thomas Herttell of a bill to grant property rights to women
B) the success they found in their work on the temperance movement
C) the realization that two-thirds of signatories on antislavery petitions were women
D) the imposition of coverture laws restricting a woman’s rights
E) the restrictions they faced at the international antislavery conference in London
Answer: E
Page Ref: 297
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Cult of True Womanhood, Reform, and Women’s Rights

33. What did the Millerites anticipate first in March 1843 and later on October 22, 1844?
A) the banning of alcohol
B) the return of Christ
C) the liberation of all slaves
D) that William Miller would ascend into heaven
E) that Earth would stop in its orbit around the Sun
Answer: B
Page Ref: 298
Skill: Factual
Topic: Religious and Secular Utopianism

34. What was complex marriage as practiced in the community at Oneida, New York, established by John Humphrey Noyes?
A) the belief among members of the community that they were wed to God
B) the polygamy that predominated among families within the community
C) communal property ownership among members of the community
D) a system of arranged marriages between members of the community
E) free sexual relations between the men and women of the community
Answer: E
Page Ref: 299
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Religious and Secular Utopianism

35. Which of the following best describes the stance of Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville to contemporary American society?
A) celebratory of its great achievements
B) critical of the effects of the market economy
C) nostalgic for the lost simplicity of the past
D) fervent in the desire for ongoing revolution
E) ironic toward the foibles of the elite
Answer: B
Page Ref: 304–305
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Literature and Popular Culture

36. For what reason did Frederick Douglass include his own picture and signature in his book, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave?
A) to protect himself from those who might try to pass themselves off as him
B) to prove that he was indeed African American
C) to accord with standard publishing practices of the day
D) to increase the authenticity of the work
E) to satisfy his own vanity
Answer: D
Page Ref: 306
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Literature and Popular Culture

37. According to Orson S. Fowler, what was the advantage of an octagon-shaped house?
A) It encouraged children and parents to spend more time together.
B) It was more efficient in material costs and therefore more thrifty.
C) It encouraged harmony by approximating the shape of a circle.
D) It was a metaphor for the cycle of birth to death.
E) It was focused toward heaven and so would encourage religious worship.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 312
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Nature’s Nation

38. How did Greece’s war for independence influence America?
A) It led to an influx of Greek immigrants to America.
B) It inspired the election of Andrew Jackson and a broad democratization of society.
C) It led to a popular nostalgia for the time of the American Revolution.
D) It led to the use of the Greek language in political speeches.
E) It inspired the Greek Revival style of architecture and interior design.
Answer: E
Page Ref: 311
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Nature’s Nation

39. Which statement best represents the intention of those who supported the development of Central Park in New York City?
A) to displace unsightly immigrants from a highly visible part of the city
B) to bring nature to urban dwellers of all classes
C) to provide upper-class Protestants with a setting for spiritual uplift
D) to further segregate the elite from the middle and lower classes
E) to recall the beauties of ancient Egypt
Answer: B
Page Ref: 309
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Nature’s Nation

40. What factors led to the transformation of Southern attitudes toward slavery?
A) Especially when confronted with the idea of being removed to Africa, slaves became relatively contented with their situation, and Southerners grew to see the institution as benign.
B) In the aftermath of Nat Turner’s Rebellion, more Southerners became inclined to agree with such earlier slaveholders as Thomas Jefferson and believe the institution was evil.
C) As cotton agriculture became more important to the economy and abolitionist fervor increased, white Southerners were compelled to defend the institution.
D) Under the influence of such thinkers as Thomas R. Dew and John C. Calhoun, white Southerners began to evangelize about their “peculiar institution,” hoping it would spread to Northern factories.
E) As abolitionist literature poured in from the North, white Southerners began a long re-examination of the role of slavery in their society.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 293–294
Skill: Analytical
Topic: Chapter Review