Mirror for Humanity A Concise Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 12th edition By Kottak – Test Bank

Mirror for Humanity A Concise Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 12th edition By Kottak – Test Bank

Chapter 08 Gender

1. With the term sex, anthropologists are referring to biological differences. In contrast, they define gender as

A. the tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex.

B. one’s biological identity.

C. the cultural construction of whether one is female, male, or something else.

D. the marked differences in male and female biology, which vary across cultures.

E. a political system ruled by men that defines the identity of women. Accessibility:

Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective: Distinguish between sex and gender, and in particular how gender may be culturally constructed. Topic: Sex and Gender

2. The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex are known as

A. sexual ascribed status.

B. gender stereotypes

. C. gender roles.

D. the prestige coefficient

. E. sex roles. Accessibility:

Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective: Distinguish between sex and gender, and in particular how gender may be culturally constructed. Topic: Sex and Gender

3. The differences in male and female biology besides the contrasts in breasts and genitals are referred to as

A. sexual orientation.

B. gender identity.

C. gender stereotypes.

D. cisgender.

E. sexual dimorphism. Accessibility:

Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective: Distinguish between sex and gender, and in particular how gender may be culturally constructed. Topic: Sex and Gender

4. Ethnographic evidence has revealed that traditionally, Pawnee women worked wood, and among the Hidatsa, women made boats. Cases such as these suggest that

A. the division of labor by gender is a natural characteristic of human societies.

B. patterns of division of labor by gender are culturally general—not universal.

C. exceptions to cross-cultural generalization are actually the rule.

D. biology has nothing to do with gender roles.

E. anthropologists are overly optimistic about finding a society with perfect gender equality.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective: Describe recurrent cross-cultural gender patterns. Topic: Recurrent Gender Patterns

5. This chapter’s discussion on recurrent gender patterns stresses that

A. it is the role of industrialized nations to correct patterns that are immoral.

B. these generalities are based on bad data, because the studies did not use randomized sampling.

C. the United Nations should become more involved in reversing these patterns.

D. exceptions to cross-cultural generalizations may involve societies or individuals.

E. these patterns are universals rather than generalities.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective: Describe recurrent cross-cultural gender patterns. Topic: Recurrent Gender Patterns

6. The domestic-public dichotomy refers to the separation of

A. cooking and sleeping spaces in residential units.

B. the elite and commoners.

C. spheres of exchange.

D. home and the outside world.

E. secular and sacred domains.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective: Describe the unequal distribution of social value by gender. Topic: Gender Roles and Gender Stratification

7. Among the Agta of the Philippines, women not only gather, they also

A. cultivate small food plots inside village defenses.

B. fish, while carrying their babies with them.

C. hunt small animals and do some fishing.

D. are the tribal leaders.

E. are the primary warrior class, except when pregnant or breastfeeding.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective: Describe the unequal distribution of social value by gender. Topic: Gender Roles and Gender Stratification

8. When compared to other kinds of societies, all the following are true about foragers EXCEPT that

A. the rights, activities, and spheres of influence of men and women overlap the most.

B. when gathering is prominent, gender status tends to be more equal.

C. sexual promiscuity is most common and routinely punished.

D. the public and private spheres are least separate.

E. hierarchy is least marked.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective: Describe the unequal distribution of social value by gender. Topic: Gender Roles and Gender Stratification

9. Among American working parents, which of the following is FALSE?

A. The median income of a woman working full time is about 80 percent that of a comparably employed male.

B. About 69 percent of married mothers are in the labor force.

C. Women today fill more than half of all management and professional jobs.

D. Ninety-four percent of married fathers with children under age 18 are in the labor force.

E. As her children get older, a woman is less likely to enter the labor force.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Learning Objective: Describe the unequal distribution of social value by gender. Topic: Gender in Industrial Societies

10. Which of the following is NOT among the four sexual orientations found throughout the world?

A. transsexuality B. heterosexuality C. asexuality D. homosexuality E. bisexuality