Microbiology The Human Experience 1st Edition By John W. Foster – Test Bank

Microbiology The Human Experience 1st Edition By John W. Foster – Test Bank

Chapter 09: Bacterial Genomes and Evolution

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Griffith’s observations from his experiments infecting mice with smooth and rough strain Streptococcus pneumoniae were later found to be due to
a. conjugation. c. transduction.
b. transposition. d. transformation.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 9.1
OBJ: 9.1a Explain how genetic information moves between bacteria by transformation, phage-mediated transduction,and conjugation. MSC: Understanding

2. Why might an organism transform DNA that is homologous to its own?
a. as a food source
b. to obtain new DNA
c. to repair its own damaged genome
d. Organisms are not capable of transforming homologous DNA.

ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 9.1
OBJ: 9.1a Explain how genetic information moves between bacteria by transformation, phage-mediated transduction,and conjugation. MSC: Understanding

3. What specifically is passed from the donor cell to the recipient cell during conjugation?
a. single-stranded DNA c. protein subunits
b. double-stranded DNA d. F factor pilus

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 9.1
OBJ: 9.1a Explain how genetic information moves between bacteria by transformation, phage-mediated transduction,and conjugation. MSC: Understanding

4. Which of the following is NOT a step in the transduction process?
a. The DNA phage enters a bacterial cell by endocytosis.
b. The phage DNA commandeers host protein synthesis machinery.
c. The phage uses host cell DNA replication machinery.
d. Completed phage particles are released into the environment by lysing.

ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 9.1
OBJ: 9.1a Explain how genetic information moves between bacteria by transformation, phage-mediated transduction,and conjugation. MSC: Remembering

5. Which of the following forms of horizontal gene transfer involves a prophage?
a. generalized transduction
b. specialized transduction
c. F factor conjugation
d. competence-mediated transformation

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 9.1
OBJ: 9.1a Explain how genetic information moves between bacteria by transformation, phage-mediated transduction,and conjugation. MSC: Remembering

6. How do bacteria protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes?
a. restriction digestion c. generalized recombination
b. methylation of target sequences d. site-specific recombination

ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 9.1
OBJ: 9.1a Explain how genetic information moves between bacteria by transformation, phage-mediated transduction,and conjugation. MSC: Applying

7. A protein called integrase is encoded by ________ and allows for site-specific recombination in C. diphtheria.
a. E. coli c. C. diphtheria
b. S. pneumoniae d. beta phage

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 9.1
OBJ: 9.1b Describe how DNA molecules recombine by homologous recombination and site-specific recombination. MSC: Understanding

8. The elements that form living organisms first originated from
a. viruses. c. water.
b. stardust. d. the oceans.

ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 9.2
OBJ: 9.2a Describe how all life originated from microbes, how life-forms evolved over time, and how species continue to evolve. MSC: Remembering

9. Which of the following does NOT lead to divergence?
a. fossilization c. transposition
b. mutations d. transduction

ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 9.2
OBJ: 9.2b Explain how microbial genomes change via processes of random mutation and natural selection. MSC: Applying

10. Which of the following is NOT a good scenario for a molecular clock?
a. The gene used has the same function across all species being compared.
b. The generation time is the same for all species being compared.
c. The average mutation rate is constant among species.
d. The gene used is nonessential.

ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 9.2
OBJ: 9.2c Explain how a molecular clock works to measure phylogeny, and describe the key attributes of a useful molecular clock gene. MSC: Understanding