Microbiology Fundamentals A Clinical Approach 2nd Edition Test Bank

Microbiology Fundamentals A Clinical Approach 2nd Edition Test Bank

Chapter 08
Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Among the microorganisms, various genomes can include
A. chromosomes.
B. plasmids.
C. mitochondrial DNA.
D. chloroplast DNA.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g. in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

2. Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes because only eukaryotes have
A. histone proteins.
B. chromosomes in a nucleus.
C. several to many chromosomes.
D. elongated, not circular, chromosomes.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Eukaryotes
Topic: Genetics

3. Which of the following is not true of an organism’s genotype?
A. is inherited
B. are structural genes coding for proteins
C. are genes coding for RNA
D. are regulatory genes controlling gene expression
E. are the expressed traits governed by the genes

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.02 Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

4. The _____ is all of the genetic material of a cell.
A. chromosome
B. plasmid
C. prophage
D. genome
E. proteome

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

5. Each _____ is a specific segment of the DNA with the code for production of one functional product.
A. intron
B. exon
C. gene
D. operator
E. triplet

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

6. The expression of genetic traits is the
A. genome.
B. genotype.
C. proteome.
D. phenotype.
E. proteotype.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.02 Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

7. The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called
A. histones.
B. amino acids.
C. nucleotides.
D. mRNA.
E. polymerases.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.03 Draw a picture of a length of DNA, including all important chemical groups.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Chemistry
Topic: Genetics

8. Which is incorrect about purines?
A. only found in DNA, not in RNA
B. are nitrogenous bases
C. always paired with a specific pyrimidine
D. include adenine and guanine
E. found within nucleotides

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.03 Draw a picture of a length of DNA, including all important chemical groups.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Chemistry
Topic: Genetics

9. The antiparallel arrangement within DNA molecules refers to
A. each base bonding at the 1′ position of the sugar.
B. a purine always bonding to a pyrimidine.
C. one helix strand that runs from the 5′ to 3′ direction and the other strand runs from the 3′ to 5′ direction.
D. an original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule.
E. None of the choices is correct.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.03 Draw a picture of a length of DNA, including all important chemical groups.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

10. All of the following pertain to nitrogenous bases except
A. form pairs by hydrogen bonding.
B. guanine pairs with uracil.
C. adenine pairs with thymine.
D. cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines.
E. they are only present in the form of purines.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.03 Draw a picture of a length of DNA, including all important chemical groups.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

11. Each nucleotide is composed of
A. one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar.
B. one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and two sugars.
C. two phosphates, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar.
D. two phosphates, one nitrogenous base, and two sugars.
E. one phosphate, two nitrogenous bases, and one sugar.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.03 Draw a picture of a length of DNA, including all important chemical groups.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Chemistry
Topic: Genetics

12. Base pairs in DNA are held together by _____ bonds.
A. peptide
B. nonpolar covalent
C. polar covalent
D. hydrogen
E. sulfhydryl

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.03 Draw a picture of a length of DNA, including all important chemical groups.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

13. The duplication of a cell’s DNA is called
A. mitosis.
B. replication.
C. transcription.
D. translation.
E. mutation.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.04 Explain how DNA replication takes place.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

14. Structural genes code for
A. ribosomal RNA molecules.
B. transfer RNA molecules.
C. cellular proteins.
D. gene expression elements.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

15. During replication, each parent DNA strand serves as a _____ for synthesis of new DNA strands.
A. copy point
B. template
C. comparison molecule
D. scaffold
E. reservoir

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.04 Explain how DNA replication takes place.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

16. Semi-conservative replication refers to
A. each base bonding at the 1′ position of the sugar.
B. a purine always bonding to a pyrimidine.
C. one helix strand that runs from the 5′ to 3′ direction and the other strand runs from the 3′ to 5′ direction.
D. an original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule.
E. None of the choices is correct.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.04 Explain how DNA replication takes place.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

17. DNA polymerase III
A. is needed for adding nucleotides during mRNA synthesis.
B. synthesizes new DNA only in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
C. cannot add nucleotides to the lagging strand.
D. synthesizes an RNA primer.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.04 Explain how DNA replication takes place.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

18. Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by
A. DNA ligases.
B. DNA polymerases.
C. DNA helicases.
D. DNA gyrases
E. primases.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Bloom’s Level: 04. Analyze
Learning Objective: 08.05 Use Okazaki fragments to explain leading and lagging strands.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

19. The enzymes that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them, and correctly replace them are
A. DNA ligases.
B. DNA polymerases.
C. DNA helicases.
D. DNA gyrases.
E. primases.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.04 Explain how DNA replication takes place.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

20. The site where the old DNA strands separate and new DNA strands will be synthesized is called the
A. primer.
B. Okazaki fragment.
C. template.
D. rolling circle.
E. replication fork.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.04 Explain how DNA replication takes place.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

21. Helicase
A. unzips DNA.
B. supercoils DNA.
C. unwinds RNA.
D. winds RNA.
E. None of the choices is correct.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.04 Explain how DNA replication takes place.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

22. DNA Polymerase I
A. removes primers.
B. adds bases to new DNA chain.
C. supercoils DNA.
D. unzips DNA.
E. synthesizes RNA primer.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Bloom’s Level: 01. Remember
Learning Objective: 08.04 Explain how DNA replication takes place.
Section: 08.01
Topic: Genetics

23. DNA Polymerase III
A. synthesizes primer.
B. removes primer.
C. joins Okazaki fragments.
D. unzips the DNA helix.
E. proofreads new DNA.