Introduction to Criminal Justice Practice and Process 2nd Edition Peak – Test Bank

Introduction to Criminal Justice Practice and Process 2nd Edition Peak – Test Bank

Chapter 05: Police Organization: Structure and Functions

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the primary criminal justice officials of early England that exist (or existed until recently) in the United States? a. Sheriff
b. Constable
c. Police officer
d. Justice of the peace
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: English and Colonial Roots OBJ: 1 COG: Knowledge
2. What were the responsibilities of the shire reeve in early England?
a. He maintained law and order in the tithings.
b. He patrolled the community on horseback and arrested criminals.
c. He collected taxes and served as magistrate.
d. He conducted preliminary hearings to determine cause of death and the party responsible for it.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: under heading: Sheriff OBJ: 1 COG: Knowledge
3. Which of the following were among the duties of the constable in early England?
a. He maintained law and order in the tithings.
b. He patrolled the community on horseback and arrested criminals.
c. He collected taxes and served as magistrate.
d. He conducted preliminary hearings to determine cause of death and the party responsible for it.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Constable OBJ: 1 COG: Knowledge
4. Why did the role of constable fall into disfavor in the American colonies?
a. The office was rife with corruption and abuse of power.
b. Most constables were untrained and believed to be unqualified as law officials.
c. The functions were already being performed by sheriffs and justices of the peace.
d. The role of constable was too great a reminder of the heavy hand of government the colonists were attempting to avoid.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: under heading: Constable OBJ: 1 COG: Knowledge
5. Which of the early criminal justice officials of the American colonies would have determined cause of death and the party responsible for it? a. Justice of the peace
b. Sheriff
c. Constable
d. Coroner
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: under heading: Coroner OBJ: 1 COG: Knowledge
6. This early criminal justice official’s authority to grant bail to felons led to corruption and criticism when individuals that should not have been released into the community were granted bail.
a. Justice of the peace
b. Sheriff
c. Constable
d. Coroner
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: Justice of the Peace OBJ: 1 COG: Knowledge
7. How does the position of justice of the peace differ between England and the United States?
a. The position has always been widely respected in England; it has generally been subject to corruption in the United States.
b. The jurisdiction of authority is limited to criminal cases in England, while it has both civil and criminal jurisdiction in the United States.
c. A law degree is required to hold the position in England; a law degree is not required in the United States.
d. The position is roughly the same in both England and the United States.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: Justice of the Peace OBJ: 1 COG: Knowledge
8. Why are the London police referred to as “bobbies”?
a. The police qualification test includes a swimming test that measures the candidates’ ability to float or “bob” in the water.
b. This is a reference to the nodding of the officers’ heads as they respond to citizens’ questions.
c. They are nicknamed after Sir Robert Peel, who established the first police force in London.
d. This is a common misconception; the London police have never been referred to as “bobbies.”
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
REF: under heading: Police Reform in England, 1829 OBJ: 1 COG: Knowledge
9. What was the main purpose of the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829?
a. It established a merit system for the hiring of police officers.
b. It granted funding to municipal police agencies across the United States.
c. It established a full-time preventative police force in New York City.
d. It allowed Sir Robert Peel to establish a police force to combat urban problems.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
REF: Police Reform in England, 1829 OBJ: 1 COG: Comprehension
10. Which of the following statements are true of the selection of police officers during the political era?
a. Political parties elected a committee to nominate candidates for police officers.
b. The selection system encouraged political patronage and rewarding friends rather than selecting the most qualified people for the job.
c. The selection system made it difficult for qualified candidates to be selected unless they belonged to the right social clubs and organizations.
d. The selection system discriminated against candidates who were racial or ethnic minorities.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: under heading: The Political Era OBJ: 2 COG: Comprehension