Introduction To Clinical Pharmacology 8th Edition by Marilyn Winterton Edmunds – Test Bank

Introduction To Clinical Pharmacology 8th Edition by Marilyn Winterton Edmunds – Test Bank

Chapter 10: Antivirals, Antiretrovirals, and Antifungal Medications
Edmunds: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology, 8th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which group of drugs limits the progression of HIV?
a. Antiretrovirals
b. Antivirals
c. Antibiotics
d. Antifungals

ANS: A
Antiretrovirals are an important group of drugs that slow the growth or prevent the duplication of retroviruses; they are used to limit the advance of HIV and AIDS.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 180 OBJ: 1
TOP: Antiretroviral Agents KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

2. A patient asks a nurse what an AIDS-related opportunistic infection is. Which should be the nurse’s reply?
a. “This infection is a first-generation metabolic infection.”
b. “This infection is a toxic effect of the virus.”
c. “This infection is from damage to the body’s immune system.”
d. “This infection is from an enlarged gallbladder.”

ANS: C
An opportunistic infection develops because of the damage to the body’s immune system, leaving the body unable to protect itself from certain other infections.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 182 OBJ: 1
TOP: Antiretroviral Agents KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

3. A patient comes into the clinic complaining of being exposed to a co-worker who has the flu. The patient is asymptomatic. What should the nurse anticipate the physician will order?
a. Flumadine (rimantadine)
b. Valtrex (valacyclovir)
c. Ziagen (abacavir)
d. Crixivan (indinavir)

ANS: A
Flumadine (rimantadine) is used for prophylaxis and treatment of illness caused by various strains of influenza virus.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 177 | Table 10-1
OBJ: 1 TOP: Antiviral Medications
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Diagnosis
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

4. For cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, the nurse anticipates the physician will prescribe which type of medication?
a. Antifungal
b. Antiretroviral
c. Antibiotic
d. Antiviral

ANS: D
Some antiviral medications are helpful in treating patients with CMV retinitis.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 177 | Table 10-1
OBJ: 1 TOP: Antiviral Medications
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Diagnosis MSC: NCLEX: N/A

5. Which is Zovirax (acyclovir) indicated for the treatment of?
a. Influenza A
b. Herpes simplex
c. Candida albicans
d. Vaginitis

ANS: B
Antiviral medications are used in patients with herpes zoster, herpes simplex, genital herpes, or varicella.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: pp. 177-178 | Table 10-1
OBJ: 1 TOP: Antiviral Medications KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A

6. Antiretroviral agents exert their effect by which means?
a. Boosting the body’s T-cell production
b. Producing artificially acquired active immunity
c. Interfering with replication of the retrovirus
d. Lysing the DNA of the host cell

ANS: C
Antiretroviral agents act to stop more retroviruses from being made by interfering with the ability of a retrovirus to reproduce, or replicate.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 180 OBJ: 1
TOP: Antiretroviral Agents KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A

7. The nurse checks what other medications the patient is taking before instructing him about the antiretroviral he is started on. This is necessary for which reason?
a. The antiretroviral and other medications must be taken together.
b. The antiretroviral should be taken alone and not with other medications.
c. The antiretroviral and other medications must be taken with milk.
d. The antiretroviral should be taken with water 30 minutes before eating.

ANS: B
Most antiretrovirals inhibit the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system involved in the metabolism of drugs in the liver. For this reason, they should not be taken at the same time as other medications.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 182 OBJ: 1
TOP: Drug Interactions KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

8. Most of the antiretroviral drugs are toxic to which organs or organ systems?
a. Myocardium
b. Central nervous system
c. Kidney
d. Liver

ANS: D
Most antiretroviral drugs inhibit the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in the liver, altering the metabolism of medications.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 182 OBJ: 1
TOP: Antiretroviral Agents KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A

9. A patient infected with AIDS tells the nurse that she has been only partially compliant with the medications because of the side effect of nausea. Which is the best response made by the nurse?
a. “When the nausea decreases, you can take the dosage.”
b. “You should stop all medicine when nauseated and call your doctor.”
c. “You should always take your medicine as prescribed, or it may not be effective.”
d. “Didn’t you know that nausea is expected with this therapy?”

ANS: C
For patients who are trying to slow or halt their HIV infection, it is important to provide individual teaching and help these patients with their specific problems if they want to succeed with the treatment goals.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 182 | p. 184
OBJ: 1 TOP: Antiretroviral Agents
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity