Human Development A Cultural Approach 2nd Edition By Jeffrey Jensen Arnett – Test Bank

Human Development A Cultural Approach 2nd Edition By Jeffrey Jensen Arnett – Test Bank

Chapter 12 Late Adulthood

Section 1 Physical Development 1226
Test Item File 1226
Multiple Choice Questions 1226
Short Answer Questions 1256
Essay Questions 1257
Section 2 Cognitive Development 1260
Test Item File 1260
Multiple Choice Questions 1260
Short Answer Questions 1285
Essay Questions 1286
Section 3 Emotional and Social Development 1288
Test Item File 1288
Multiple Choice Questions 1288
Short Answer Questions 1314
Essay Questions 1315
Section 4 Revel Multiple Choice Assessment Questions 1318

Section 1 Physical Development

Test Item File

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Developmental psychologists define the beginning of late adulthood as beginning at what age?
a. 55 years
b. 60 years
c. 65 years
d. 70 years
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Page: 558
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

2. The stage of late adulthood begins at age ____.
a. 55
b. 60
c. 65
d. 70
Answer: C
Page: 558
Learning Objective: 12.1
Difficulty: 1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

3. When older adults are shown on television they are more likely to be portrayed _____.
a. positively
Correct. Older adults are portrayed in a positive manner on television.
b. fairly neutrally
c. negatively
d. as incompetent
Incorrect. Older adults are portrayed in a positive manner on television.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Page: 559
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

4. In what country is there a “Respect for the Aged Day,” which is a national holiday?
a. the United States
b. Japan
c. the Netherlands
d. Greece
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2
Page: 559
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

5. Your roommate was talking about how after the academic year he is going back to Japan. His grandfather is turning 60 years old and they have a ritual that symbolizes the person’s freedom from previous responsibilities and elevates the individual to a new and respected status as elder. What is the name of this ritual?
a. kanreki
Correct. Kanreki refers to the Japanese ritual that symbolizes a person’s status elevation to that of a respected elder.
b. sensei
Incorrect. Sensei is a Japanese term of respect.
c. koto
d. utsubo
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Page: 559
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

6. The practice that no matter how old children are, they owe obedience and respect to their parents, no matter how old the parents are, is referred to as _____.
a. momma love
b. children imperative
c. parental positive regard
Incorrect. The term for this concept is filial piety.
d. filial piety
Correct. The term for this concept is filial piety.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Page: 559
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

7. Which of the following best describes the Japanese ritual of kanreki? It celebrates a person’s:
a. retirement from work and marks a time of leisure and rest.
b. 60th birthday and their transition into the respected status of an elder.
Correct. Usually held around the person’s 60th birthday, the ritual symbolizes the person’s freedom from previous responsibilities.
c. movement into young adulthood and marks a time of personal and social responsibility.
Incorrect. Usually held around the person’s 60th birthday, the ritual symbolizes the person’s freedom from previous responsibilities.
d. graduation from college and their transition into the workforce as a productive member of society.
Answer: B
Page: 559
Learning Objective: 12.1
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

8. Aoi is Japanese and just turned 60 years old, the celebration that his family will have to mark the occasion is referred to as _____.
a. tomoko
b. kanreki
c. yoko
d. ayaka
Answer: B
Page: 559
Learning Objective: 12.1
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

9. In Asian cultures, the tradition of filial piety is ____.
a. obedience and respect to parents, no matter how old they are
b. honor and trust to everyone in the family
c. loyalty to the laws and codes of society
d. commitment to one’s family and their village
Answer: A
Page: 559
Learning Objective: 12.1
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

10. Individuals in late adulthood are more likely to have high status in cultures where _____.
a. older adults are quite virile
b. extended families are common
Correct. Older adults are more likely to have high status in cultures in which extended families are common.
c. older adult men have very young wives
d. older adult women are the head of the families
Incorrect. Older adults are more likely to have high status in cultures in which extended families are common.
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2
Page: 559
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

11. An analysis of American television advertisements containing older adults (Miller et al., 2004) found that what percentage of advertisements presented older adults in positive ways?
a. 78%
b. 68%
c. 58%
d. 48%
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Page: 559
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

12. Increased social welfare and health entitlements during the 1960s and 1970s have now made older adults ____.
a. independent and powerful
b. dependent on social programs
Incorrect. Older adults are the wealthiest segment of the United States population.
c. the wealthiest segment of developed countries
Correct. Older adults are the wealthiest segment of the United States population.
d. the least wealthy segment of developed countries
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Page: 559
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

13. You are speaking with your 67-year-old grandfather, who is jokingly telling you that he is about as old as one can get. Remembering your developmental class, what do you know about his age in reference to the lifespan? He is actually in the ____.
a. young-old group
Correct. Your grandfather is in the young-old group, ages 65–74.
b. old-old group
Incorrect. Your grandfather is in the young-old group, ages 65–74.
c. middle-old group
d. oldest-old group
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Page: 560
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

14. If an older adult is 82 years old, what developmental group would he or she be in?
a. young-old group
b. old-old group
Correct. An 82-year-old adult would be in the old-old group.
c. middle-old group
Incorrect. An 82-year-old adult would be in the old-old group.
d. oldest-old group
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2
Page: 560
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

15. If an older adult is 92 years old, what developmental group would he or she be in?
a. young-old group
b. old-old group
c. middle-old group
Incorrect. A 92-year-old adult would be in the oldest-old group.
d. oldest-old group
Correct. A 92-year-old adult would be in the oldest-old group.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Page: 560
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

16. A developmental psychologist and demographer would describe an individual who is 85 years or older as ____.
a. young-old
b. old-old
c. oldest-old
d. older-old
Answer: C
Page: 560
Learning Objective: 12.1
Difficulty: 3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

17. What subcategory of late adulthood includes individuals who are 85 years of age and older?
a. old-old
b. older-old
Incorrect. The oldest subcategory of late adulthood is oldest-old.
c. octo-old
d. oldest-old
Correct. The oldest subcategory of late adulthood is oldest-old.
Answer: D
Page: 560
Difficulty: 3
Skill: F
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

18. What percentage of Americans over 85 is impaired enough in their activities of daily living (ADL) capacities to be institutionalized in a nursing home or other facility?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 80%
Answer: B
Page: 560
Learning Objective: 12.1
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

19. Your 94-year-old great-grandmother is having difficulty with bathing, dressing, food preparation and eating, housekeeping, and paying bills. Your family is considering getting some professional nursing care for her. During the interview with the nursing care provider, the nurse asks what your great-grandmother’s major concerns are. What would you tell the nurse?
a. activities of daily living
Correct. The difficulties center around the activities of daily living.
b. self-care activities
Incorrect. The difficulties center around the activities of daily living.
c. grooming behavior
d. adult activities
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Page: 560
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

20. What concept signifies the actual competence and performance of older adults?
a. functional age
Correct. Functional age refers to the actual competence and performance of older adults’ abilities.
b. chronological age
c. competency age
Incorrect. Functional age refers to the actual competence and performance of older adults’ abilities.
d. geriatric age
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Page: 561
Learning Objective: 12.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

21. Countries that have a birth rate that is below 2.1 children per woman _____.
a. will see a decline in their total population
b. will see an increase in their total population
c. will see a leveling off in their total population
d. are unable to predict population values
Answer: A
Page: 561
Learning Objective: 12.2
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

22. The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) is calculated as the number of people who are _____.
a. age 65 years or older, divided by the number of people age 20 to 64, times 100
b. age 20 to 64 years old, divided by the number of people age 65 or older, times 100
c. age 55 years or older, multiplied by the number of people age 18 or older, times 50
d. age 55 years or older, added to the number of people age 21 or older, times 50
Answer: A
Page: 561
Learning Objective: 12.2
Difficulty: 3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

23. The number of persons aged 65 or older, divided by the number of persons age 20–64, times 100 is known as the _____.
a. young adulthood as compared to aging adults ratio (YACA)
b. old-age comparison to youthfulness ratio (OACY)
c. age of retirement compared to the age of productivity ratio (ARCAP)
d. old-age dependency ratio (OADR)
Answer: D
Page: 561
Learning Objective: 12.2
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

24. Your grandfather is joking that there are going to be more people over 60 years of age than there will be people under 15 soon. He says that there will not be enough people working to cover the costs of Social Security. By what year will people over 60 years of age outnumber those under age 15?
a. 2020
b. 2030
c. 2040
Incorrect. In 2050, it is projected that the number of individuals older than 60 will be larger than the number of individuals under age 15 for the first time in history.
d. 2050
Correct. In 2050, it is projected that the number of individuals older than 60 will be larger than the number of individuals under age 15 for the first time in history.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Page: 561
Learning Objective: 12.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

25. What is the ratio of the number of persons aged 65 years or older to the number of persons aged 20 to 64 years (number of persons aged 65 years or older/number of persons 20 to 64 x 100) referred to as?
a. Medicare ratio
b. old-age dependency ratio
Correct. This ratio is referred to as the old-age dependency ratio, since those older than 65 are more likely to be dependent on the resources of those younger than age 65.
c. older-adult-to-younger-adult ratio
Incorrect. This ratio is referred to as the old-age dependency ratio, since those older than 65 are more likely to be dependent on the resources of those younger than age 65.
d. Social Security ratio
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2
Page: 561
Learning Objective: 12.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

26. What is the OADR in Japan?
a. 26%
b. 36%
c. 46%
d. 56%
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3
Page: 562
Learning Objective: 12.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

27. In developed countries, what is the life expectancy of a person who is 65 years old?
a. 5 to 15 additional years
b. 15 to 25 additional years
c. 25 to 35 additional years
d. 35 to 45 additional years
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3
Page: 562
Learning Objective: 12.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

28. Around the world, about how much longer will women at age 65 live longer than men?
a. 5 additional years
b. 10 additional years
c. 15 additional years
d. 20 additional years
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3
Page: 562
Learning Objective: 12.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

29. Your grandmother is 87 years old and she has remarked to you that nearly all of her friends are women. She told you that it is rare to see a man over age 85. Is she correct? Yes, past age 85 years of age, for every 100 men there are ____.
a. 678 women
b. 452 women
c. 226 women
Correct. Past age 85, for every 100 men there are 226 women.
d. 113 women
Incorrect. Past age 85, for every 100 men there are 226 women.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3
Page: 562
Learning Objective: 12.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

30. In which of the following countries is the ratio of older adults to non-older adults going to be the highest in 2050?
a. Japan
Correct. The OADR is highest in Japan (see Figure 12.1).
b. Germany
Incorrect. Germany has the second highest OADR (see Figure 12.1).
c. United States
d. China
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3
Page: 562
Learning Objective: 12.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

31. On what continent is the current life expectancy the lowest?
a. North America
b. Africa
Correct. See Map 12.1.
c. Asia
Incorrect. Asia has the second lowest (see Map 12.1).
d. Australia
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3
Page: 563
Learning Objective: 12.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

32. The inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms, is referred to as _________.
a. primary aging
b. secondary aging
c. lateral aging
d. tertiary aging
Answer: A
Page: 564
Learning Objective: 12.3
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

33. The decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution, is referred to as _________.
a. primary aging
b. tertiary aging
c. lateral aging
d. secondary aging
Answer: D
Page: 564
Learning Objective: 12.3
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

34. ____ is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms, whereas ____ is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.
a. Tertiary aging; vertical aging
b. Vertical aging; tertiary aging
c. Primary aging; secondary aging
d. Secondary aging; primary aging
Answer: C
Page: 564
Learning Objective: 12.3
Difficulty: 3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

35. What is the term that is used to describe the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species?
a. primary aging
Correct. The term used to describe the inevitable biological aging process is primary aging.
b. secondary aging
Incorrect. The term used to describe the inevitable biological aging process is primary aging.
c. tertiary aging
d. quaternary aging
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Page: 564
Learning Objective: 12.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

36. What is the term that is used to describe the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution?
a. primary aging
Incorrect. The term used to describe the loss in functioning due to lifestyle behaviors is secondary aging.
b. secondary aging
Correct. The term used to describe the loss in functioning due to lifestyle behaviors is secondary aging.
c. tertiary aging
d. quaternary aging
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2
Page: 564
Learning Objective: 12.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

37. Your grandmother has quite a bit of gray hair. She told you that she first started getting gray hair when she was 52 and it keeps getting grayer each year. What is happening that her hair is getting gray?
a. Gray pigments occur more frequently in older adults.
Incorrect. Gray hair occurs because there is a loss of pigment from the hair.
b. The hair becomes more transparent in old age.
c. Stress creates more gray pigment to appear in older adults.
d. Most people experience loss of pigment that provides hair color.
Correct. Gray hair occurs because there is a loss of pigment from the hair.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Page: 564
Learning Objective: 12.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

38. The hair continues to become grayer and thinner in both men and women as they age. Actually, it is not that hair turns gray or white, but that it loses the pigments that had previously made it appear to be other colors. During what stage of life is this loss of pigment the most profound?
a. early adulthood
b. young adulthood
c. mid-adulthood
Incorrect. Mid-adulthood ranges from 40 to 65.
d. late adulthood
Correct. In late adulthood, the hair is already white but continues to lose pigment and thins for both men and women.
Answer: D
Page: 564
Learning Objective: 12.3
Difficulty: 1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

39. The following description is of an individual in the early stages of ____. “The hair continues to become grayer and thinner in both men and women. Bones continue to thin, especially in women, which contributes to a stooped posture.”
a. early adulthood
b. young adulthood
c. mid-adulthood
Incorrect. The signs of physical aging in late adulthood can be viewed as a continuation of middle adulthood.
d. late adulthood
Correct. These are signs of physical aging that develop in late adulthood.
Answer: D
Page: 564
Learning Objective: 12.3
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

40. On the skin, many people develop “age spots,” or pools of dark pigment. Age spots are due to the accumulation of _____.
a. decades of exposure to the sun
b. an overabundance of calcium
c. low levels of iron
d. undue stress and anxiety
Answer: A
Page: 565
Learning Objective: 12.3
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

41. Loss of bone mass is considered ____.
a. primary aging
Correct. Primary aging is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms.
b. secondary aging
Incorrect. Secondary aging is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.
c. tertiary aging
d. vertical aging
Answer: A
Page: 565
Learning Objective: 12.3
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

42. Body weight decline, mainly from eating less due to changes in the hormones that regulate hunger, is considered ____.
a. primary aging
Correct. Primary aging is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms.
b. secondary aging
Incorrect. Secondary aging is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.
c. tertiary aging
d. vertical aging
Answer: A
Page: 565
Learning Objective: 12.3
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

43. When teeth lose their enamel and become yellower due the accumulated effects of food, tea, coffee, and tobacco, what type of aging is occurring?
a. primary aging
Incorrect. Primary aging is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms.
b. secondary aging
Correct. Secondary aging is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.
c. tertiary aging
d. vertical aging
Answer: B
Page: 565
Learning Objective: 12.3
Difficulty: 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

44. What are age-related changes that occur due to the accumulation of decades of exposure to the sun, and are most likely to develop on light-skinned persons and on the part of the bodies that receive the most sun exposure: the face, arms, and hands?
a. melanoma
b. age spots
c. sun tan
d. age-related pigmentosa
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2
Page: 565
Learning Objective: 12.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

45. Your 5’8”-tall grandfather always jokes that he used to be 6’2.” All of the other males in your family average about 5’10” tall. Is he telling the truth about his original height? No, men lose height after 60, but is usually about ____.
a. 1.0”
Incorrect. The loss in height for males older than 60 is about 1.5 inches.
b. 1.5”
Correct. The loss in height for males older than 60 is about 1.5 inches.
c. 2.0”
d. 2.5”
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2
Page: 565
Learning Objective: 12.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

46. What percentage of Americans over age 65 years have lost all of their natural teeth?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 20%
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Page: 565
Learning Objective: 12.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

47. Your neighbor is quite upset. She is 82 years old and has been having some serious vision problems. You have suggested quite a few times that she needs to see her doctor. She finally went and she was told that she has cataracts. She feels like she is the only one her age that has this problem. What could you tell her regarding what percentage of adults her age have cataracts?
a. 90%
b. 70%
c. 50%
Correct. Approximately 50% of adults older than 80 years of age have cataracts.
d. 30%
Incorrect. Approximately 50% of adults older than 80 years of age have cataracts.
Answer: C