Astronomy A Beginners Guide To The Universe 7th Edition by Chaisson – Test Bank

Astronomy A Beginners Guide To The Universe 7th Edition by Chaisson – Test Bank

Astronomy: A Beginner’s Guide to the Universe, 7e (Chaisson/McMillan)
Chapter 7 The Jovian Planets: Giants of the Solar System

1) A gravitational assist, or slingshot, can be used to either speed up or slow down a spacecraft.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.1

2) All nine planets in the solar system have been visited by spacecraft.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.1

3) William Herschel was the discoverer of Uranus.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.2

4) Galileo’s early telescopes revealed the four large moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, and its large moon Titan.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.1

5) While Voyagers were probes that flew past in a few days, Galileo and Cassini are orbiters, designed to study Jupiter and Saturn over prolonged periods of time.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.1

6) Most of our detailed knowledge of the jovian planets comes from the Hubble Space Telescope.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.1

7) The Galileo probe was deliberately steered into Jupiter’s atmosphere, ending its mission.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.1

8) When Cassini entered orbit around Saturn, it caused the planet’s orbit to change.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Section Ref.: 7.1, More Prec. 7.1

9) Like the discovery of Uranus, the finding of Neptune was accidental.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.2
10) Changes in the predicted motion of Uranus led to the search for an eighth planet.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.2

11) Saturn is less dense than water.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.3

12) All four jovian planets are made primarily of hydrogen and oxygen.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.3

13) Differential rotation is when a planet’s equatorial and polar regions rotate at different rates.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.3

14) All four jovian planets spin faster than any of the terrestrials.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3

15) The equators of all four jovian planets rotate more rapidly than the polar regions.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3

16) Jupiter’s axial tilt is similar to that of Mercury, while Saturn’s is more like ours.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3

17) The rotation of the magnetic fields of the jovian planets is believed to also give us the rotation rate of the planet’s core.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3

18) There is a clear relationship between the interior and atmospheric rotation rates of the jovian planets.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3

19) The axial tilts of Uranus and Neptune are similar.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3
20) Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is similar to a hurricane on Earth except for its size.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.4

21) Jupiter’s atmosphere looks uniform and calm, with no visible detail.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.4

22) The zonal flows giving rise to the belts and zones are similar to the jet streams in our own stratosphere.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.4

23) Although water and ammonia can produce Jupiter’s white clouds, the complex coloration we observe in Jupiter’s atmosphere requires more complex chemistry.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.4

24) The Galileo probe into Jupiter’s atmosphere found more water than expected.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.4

25) Helium is more abundant on Saturn than on Jupiter.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.5

26) Although it is almost the same size as Jupiter, Saturn’s gravity is about 2.5 times less, because of Saturn’s lower mass and density.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3, 7.5

27) There is less ammonia in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune than in Jupiter or Saturn.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.5

28) Neptune has a larger fraction of methane in its atmosphere than Uranus.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.5

29) The less internal heat a jovian planet emits, the more it stirs up its clouds.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.5
30) The Great Dark Spot of Neptune is probably just as long-lived as the more famed Great Red Spot of Jupiter; both lie at about the same latitudes, and are about the same size, relative to their planet.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.5

31) Methane absorbs red light readily, so we would expect a planet with a mostly methane atmosphere to appear blue.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Section Ref.: 7.5

32) All four jovian planets are oblate, with larger polar than equatorial diameters.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.6

33) We have observed a comet strike Jupiter.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.6

34) Most of Jupiter’s volume is probably in the form of liquid metallic helium.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.6

35) In keeping with its Greek god, Neptune probably contains a lot of water, in a slushy mantle ocean.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.6

36) Jupiter’s magnetic field is much stronger than Earth’s, and has a magnetic tail that extends beyond the orbit of Saturn.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.6

37) Aurorae like ours have been seen above the poles of Jupiter and Uranus.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.6

38) All four Jovian magnetic fields are good examples of the dynamo theory, with the magnetic fields aligned well with the planets’ rapid rotations.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.6
39) Jupiter puts back into space twice the energy it gets from the Sun.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.6

40) Uranus’ rotation axis is tipped over 98 degrees, so its magnetosphere is tipped over the same amount.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.6

41) Our most detailed knowledge of Uranus and Neptune comes from
A) spacecraft exploration.
B) the Hubble Space telescope.
C) ground-based visual telescopes.
D) ground-based radio telescopes.
E) manned missions.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.1

42) The spacecraft Cassini went into orbit around
A) Jupiter.
B) Saturn.
C) Uranus.
D) Neptune.
E) Pluto.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.1

43) The Galileo mission put a spacecraft into orbit around Jupiter. Which statement is true?
A) The spacecraft crashed into the moon Europa.
B) The spacecraft used a gravity assist from both Venus and Earth.
C) A saltwater ocean was discovered on Jupiter.
D) Intense magnetic fields were discovered in the asteroid belt.
E) A probe was released which soft landed on Io.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.1

44) Which three played a role in the finding of Neptune?
A) Herschel, Hubble, and Einstein
B) Newton, Einstein, and Tombaugh
C) Adams, Leverrier, and Galle
D) Bode, Herschel, and Fraunhofer
E) Shapley, Hubble, and Whipple
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.2

45) Small deviations in a planet’s orbital motion
A) show we don’t fully understand gravitational forces yet.
B) indicate the presence of an extensive atmosphere.
C) indicate the presence of a powerful magnetic field.
D) imply the nearby presence of a massive body.
E) show the planet’s orbit isn’t stable.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.2

46) Adams and Leverrier both predicted the position of Neptune, based on its effects on
A) the Sun.
B) Jupiter.
C) Saturn.
D) Uranus.
E) Pluto.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.2

47) Uranus was discovered
A) by Galileo.
B) thousands of years ago.
C) with a radio telescope.
D) after examining perturbations in Neptune’s orbit.
E) less than 250 years ago.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.2

48) At which planet can the pole remain in darkness for 42 years, then have 42 years of constant daylight?
A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Uranus
D) Neptune
E) Pluto
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.3

49) In terms of axial tilt, which of the jovian planets shows us the largest inclination?
A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Uranus
D) Neptune
E) Pluto
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.3
50) If you could find a bathtub big enough for Saturn, the planet would
A) precipitate more helium.
B) float.
C) explode due to its liquid metallic hydrogen.
D) catch fire, as liquid sodium reacts with water.
E) sink due to its metallic interior.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.3

51) The planet whose pole was facing the Sun when Voyager 2 approached in 1986 was
A) Jupiter.
B) Saturn.
C) Uranus.
D) Neptune.
E) Mars.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.3

52) Jupiter and the other jovian planets are noticeably oblate because
A) they all have strong magnetic fields that deform their shape.
B) their powerful gravity acts stronger on the closer poles than the distant equator.
C) they are fluid bodies that are spinning rapidly.
D) they are tidally distorted by the pulls for their satellite systems.
E) All of the above are correct.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3

53) Cometary impacts with Jupiter
A) are impossible to observe from Earth.
B) have been observed from Earth at least twice.
C) are extremely rare.
D) are spectacular but do not teach us much.
E) would not be catastrophic if they happened on Earth.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: Discovery 7.2

54) Which of these is true about the seasons of Uranus?
A) With a tilt of 29 degrees, they are not that different from our solstices and equinoxes.
B) Its strange tilt produces extreme seasonal variations, especially at the poles.
C) At the Uranian equator, the Sun would pass overhead every sixteen hours.
D) At the Uranian pole the Sun sets every 16 hours during the summer and winter.
E) There are no seasons at the poles.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3
55) The reason the jovian planets lost very little of their original atmosphere is due to their
A) rapid rotation.
B) strong magnetic fields.
C) ring systems.
D) large mass.
E) many moons.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3

56) Compared to Saturn, Jupiter is about
A) half as massive and denser.
B) three times more massive and denser.
C) 100 times more massive.
D) twice the diameter, but less dense.
E) half as dense, but the same mass since it is larger.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3

57) Studying the magnetospheres of the jovian planets has allowed us to measure their
A) interior rotation rates.
B) orbital periods.
C) orbital radius.
D) gravity.
E) ring system diameters.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.3

58) Essentially, the Great Red Spot is
A) Neptune’s largest atmospheric feature.
B) a large cyclonic storm (hurricane).
C) always located within 10 degrees of Jupiter’s north pole.
D) composed primarily of iron oxide.
E) traveling north and south across Jupiter’s face.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.4

59) Alternating zones of rising and sinking gas in Jupiter’s atmosphere
A) create light and dark bands.
B) cause Jupiter’s magnetic field to ripple.
C) produced the ring system discovered by Voyager.
D) generate magnetic fields.
E) circle the planet from pole to pole.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Section Ref.: 7.4
60) The only probe into the atmospheres of any jovian planet was launched by
A) Voyager 2 into Titan’s atmosphere.
B) Pathfinder into Mars’ atmosphere.
C) Cassini into Saturn’s clouds.
D) Galileo into Jupiter’s equatorial zone.
E) Huygens into Saturn’s equatorial belt.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Section Ref.: 7.4

61) The two outer jovian planets appear bluish in color because
A) methane gas in their atmospheres absorbs red light well.
B) ammonia absorbs blue light well.
C) hydrogen and helium are both blue in large concentrations.
D) dust motes in their atmospheres scatter blue well, just as in our own blue sky.
E) from their distance, the Sun would appear hotter and bluer than from Earth.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section Ref.: 7.5

62) Which common gas is less abundant in the top of Saturn’s atmosphere, compared to what we observe at Jupiter?
A) hydrogen
B) helium
C) nitrogen
D) methane
E) argon
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.5

63) Why does Saturn radiate even more excess heat than Jupiter?
A) Only Saturn is still radiating heat left over from its formation.
B) Saturn’s thick clouds give it a stronger greenhouse effect.
C) Helium rain falling inward generates heat as it descends.
D) Saturn’s atmosphere contains much methane, which is very flammable.
E) Saturn is more massive than Jupiter, so its gravitational compression is stronger.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.6

64) Which planet had the Great Dark Spot in 1989, but had lost it by 1995?
A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Uranus
D) Neptune
E) Mars
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.5

65) Of the jovian planets, which generates the least internal heat?
A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Uranus
D) Neptune
E) Pluto
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.6

66) The magnetic field tilts of which two bodies are the most unusual?
A) Mercury and Earth
B) Jupiter and Saturn
C) Uranus and Neptune
D) Saturn and Pluto
E) Mars and Saturn
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section Ref.: 7.6